Trails to the Past

Minnesota

Lake County

 

 

 

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Lake County was founded on February 20, 1855, as Superior County, though its name was changed on March 3, of that year to Saint Louis County. On March 1, 1856, Saint Louis County became Lake County, while Newton County to the west was renamed Saint Louis County.

Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the area had long been inhabited by Native American groups. At the time of European contact, the principal Native American groups in the region were the Dakota (Sioux) and Ojibwe (also called Anishinabe or Chippewa). The economy of these groups was based on hunting, fishing and gathering, with wild rice being of particular importance. The first Europeans to explore the area were the French in the late 17th century who were followed by trappers, fur traders, missionaries, and explorers. Beaver Bay was the first city in Lake County in 1855.

In 1868, iron ore was discovered on the Vermilion Range by George Stuntz. In 1884, the first shipment of ore left Agate Bay, marking Minnesota's entry into the iron ore industry. During the late 1880s, commercial fishing began on Lake Superior with the coming of Swedish and Norwegian immigrants to the North Shore. In 1890, the Merritt brothers discovered the Mesabi Range. The Two Harbors Lighthouse was built on Agate Bay in 1892. Ten years later, five Two Harbors businessmen signed the articles of incorporation for a new mining company named 3M. Today, 3M Corporation has over 70,000 employees worldwide and produces more than 50,000 adhesive household products, now has its headquarters in Saint Paul.

In 1906, the Court House, which stands to this day, was built. In 1907, one of the nation's first steel ore docks was built in Two Harbors. In 1944, one of the first HMOs in the United States was created in Lake County to serve railroad employees. A second iron ore boom took place in the 1950s with the development of the taconite beneficiation process for turning lean, low-grade iron ore into a shippable product.

The Two Harbors Light is the oldest operating lighthouse in the US state of Minnesota. Overlooking Lake Superior's Agate Bay, the lighthouse is located in Two Harbors, Minnesota. The construction of the lighthouse began in 1891 and was completed the following year, with the light being lit for the first time on April 14, 1892. The first Two Harbors keeper was Charles Lederle and there were normally three keepers assigned to make sure the light was lit every day. The Lighthouse was built to provide safe passage into the Agate Bay Harbor during the early 20th century, as Two Harbors was a major shipping point for the iron ore of the Mesabi Range.

The 49.6-foot (15.1 m) tower is made of red brick and the head keeper's residence is attached, it towers 78 feet (24 m) from the lake level to the top and in 12 feet (3.7 m) squared. The walls of the tower were built to be 3 bricks thick and the walls where the tower and house meet are a full 5 bricks thick. This was for the safety of the keeper's family. The light has a total of six structures, a lighthouse tower with attached keeper's quarters, an assistant keeper's house, a fog signal building, an oil house, a skiff house and a garage. The lighthouse was originally equipped with a fourth order Fresnel lens.

In 1969 the Coast Guard removed the Fresnel lens and replaced it with a 24 inches (610 mm) DCB-224 aerobeacon which is still used today. The light shines an average of 17 nautical miles (31 km; 20 mi). The original lens is now at the Inland Seas Maritime Museum. The Lake County Historical Society began to provide tours of the Lighthouse Station in 1988 when it was granted a lease by the U.S. Coast Guard. In 1999 ownership was transferred to the Lake County Historical Society and the Society assumed responsibility for the operation of the light in 2001. While the lighthouse is still on the Light List as active, it is listed as a private aid to navigation and is no longer maintained by the Coast Guard.

 

Cities
Beaver Bay
Silver Bay
Two Harbors (county seat)
Census-designated place
Finland
Other unincorporated communities
Alger
Castle Danger
Cramer
East Beaver Bay
Highland (Marcy)
Illgen City
Isabella
Knife River
Larsmont
Lax Lake
Little Marais
McNair
Murphy City
Sawbill Landing
Section Thirty
Silver Creek
Stewart
Toimi
Wales
Unorganized territories
Lake No. 1
Lake No. 2

Ghost towns
Avon
Avoy
Beaver
Britton
Buell
Case
Clark
Crystal
Darby Junction
Drummond
Eclfo
Emetta
Fernburg Tower
Forest Center
Freedom
Green
Greenwood Junction
Howlett
Jordan
Kent
London
Malmota (Marmata)
Maple
Marble Lake
Moose
Morris
Murfin
Nigadoo
Norshore Junction
North Branch
Riblet
Scott Junction
Silver
Splitrock
Stafford
Summit
Swift
Thomas
Waldo
Wanless
Westover
Whyte
Wolf
York

Townships
Beaver Bay Township
Crystal Bay Township
Fall Lake Township
Silver Creek Township
Stony River Township

 

Adjacent counties
Rainy River District, Ontario (north)
Cook County (east)
Ashland County, Wisconsin (southeast)
Bayfield County, Wisconsin (south)
Douglas County, Wisconsin (south)
Saint Louis County (west)

 

Lake County Courthouse

 

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